Explore the genes that contribute to neurological development, immune signalling, blood-cell formation, antioxidant protection and cellular communication. Introduction: Why Is Chromosome 21 Important? Chromosome 21 is the smallest human autosome, yet it contains genes involved in some of the body’s most important biological processes. It contributes to brain development, immune signalling, blood-cell formation, antioxidant defence, metabolism and cellular communication. It is perhaps best known for its association with Down syndrome, also called Trisomy 21. However, the significance of Chromosome 21 extends far beyond this condition. Its genes participate in numerous pathways that influence how cells develop, communicate and maintain their functions. From the neurological roles of APP, DYRK1A and DSCAM…